Enhancement of Power Conversion Efficiency with Zinc Oxide as Photoanode and Cyanococcus, Punica granatum L., and Vitis vinifera as Natural Fruit Dyes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Ruthenium N719 is a well-known material used as the dye in commercial dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) devices. However, it poses risks to human health and environment over time. On other hand, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has low electron mobility high recombination losses when photoanode this photovoltaic technology device. In addition, using harms health. As an alternative sensitizer compensate on two different photoanodes (TiO2 ZnO), we constructed DSSC devices study three natural dyes (blueberry, pomegranate, black grape). good agreement with anthocyanin content fruits, grape, highest (450.3 mg/L) compared fruit (blueberry—386.6 mg/L pomegranate—450.3 mg/L), resulted energy conversion efficiency (3.63%) for dye-based DSSC. Furthermore, research proved that electrical performance of applications ZnO better than hazardous Ru TiO2 owing advantage ZnO.